Types of spoofing

Part 2: Types of Spoofing2.1 Distributed Denial of Service AttackThe IP parodying is to a great extent utilized in Distributed refusal of administration assaults ( DDoS ) , in which programmers are worried about eating up transfer speed and assets by deluging the imprint have machine with however many bundles as could be allowed in a limited capacity to focus cut. To practically convey oning the attack, programmers parody starting IP delivers to do following and ending the DDoS each piece hard as could be expected under the circumstances. Here the attacker filters web and recognizes the hosts with known exposures and bargain them to place in surge plan thus abuses the exposures to determine the root course. [ 6 ]2.2 Non-dazzle spoofingThis sort of invasion takes topographic moment that the programmer is on the equivalent subnet as the imprint that can see arrangement and acknowledgment of each bundle. This kind of caricaturing is meeting laying hold of and an attacker can cut off tra demark steps taken topographic point to develop the association. This is accomplished by distorting the DataStream of a built up association, so restoring it dependent on right arrangement and affirmation Numberss with the surge have machine.2.2 Blind spoofingThis kind of attacks may take topographic point from outside where succession and affirmation Numberss are non congenial. Programmers typically send a few bundles to the imprint have machine so as to attempt arrangement Numberss, which is fit in old yearss. Presently a yearss, about each OSs actualize arbitrary grouping figure coevals for the bundles, doing it difficult to foresee the succession figure of bundles precisely. Assuming, in any case, the arrangement figure was undermined, data can be sent to the imprint have machine.2.4 Man in the Middle AttackThis surge is other than known as association situated highjacking. In this surge predominantly the attacker or the interrupter will assault the lawful conveying between two gatherings and wipes out or adjusts the data shared between the two hosts without their cognizance. This is the means by which the assailant will gull an imprint host and take the informations by pounding the first host ‘s singularity. In the TCP conveying desynchronized area is given by association arranged highjacking. Desynchronized association is that when the bundle grouping figure shifts for the standard bundle and the normal packet.TCP bed will decide whether to cradle the bundle or excursion it relying upon the existent estimation of the standard arrangement figure. Bundles will be disposed of or overlooked when the two machines are desynchronized. Assailant may shoot mock bundles with the specific grouping Numberss and change or supplement messages to the conveying. By staying on the conveying path between two hosts aggressor can adjust or change bundles. Making the desynchronized region in the web is the cardinal build of this assault. [ 12 ]2.5 DecisionAssorted kind s of IP satirizing and its surges are clarified in this section. Here we have talked about around four sorts of burlesquing surges like Distributed Denial of Service Attack, Non-dazzle parodying, daze burlesquing and Man-in-the-center invasion, what's more how these assaults can make employments to goal machines. Different Security requests are examined in the accompanying chapter.Chapter 3: Security Requirements3.1 Network security demandsThe Internet turned into the biggest open data web, empowering both individual and concern correspondences around the world. Day to twenty-four hours the data dealing is expanding exponentially over the web universe what's more in the corporate networks. As the building is building up the speed of conveying is expanding by means of electronic mail ; traveling laborers, remote workers. Web is other than utilized mostly to connect corporate networks to the region workplaces. As the technolgy built up the utilization of the internet has turned out to be more what's more utilization of various engineerings turned out to be more at a similar clasp security danger other than turned out to be more and offered chance to more faulties to make at that place things.so the enterprises using them ought to ensure and expand the security.The web invasions turned out to be extremely genuine as they are increasingly solid for the worries since they store the of import and touchy informations, as the individual financial records or the worry and clinical examinations. On the off chance that the attack is done on such kind of corporates it is extremely difficult to recover the bound informations which other than prompts free the privateness and takes bunch of clasp to retrieve.The the internet would other than be the most secure way to make the worry Despite the beyond a reasonable doubt won hazards.For representation, It is non safe to give the acknowledgment card insid e informations to the phone salesperson through the telephone or even a server in the restaurent this is more perilous than give within informations in the web since security designing will ensure electronic corporate greed minutess. The phone salespeople and servers may non be that more secure or dependable in light of the fact that we can non oversee them all the clasp. The dread of security employments could be hurtful to worries as existent security voilates. Because of the hesitation on the internet the trepidation and the instinct of processing machines still exists.For the organizations that relies upon the web will decrease there oppurtunities because of this qualm. To stay away from this security constabularies ought to be absolutely taken by the organizations what's more instate the safety measures that are effective.To ensure their customers Organizations ought to sufficiently pass on. Organizations should take the security stairss to non only shield there customers from security breaks yet adjacent to there bosses and the companions data which are of import for them. Web, intranet and extranet are utilized by the businesses and the companions for the productive and the quick communication.These conveying and the proficiency ought to be taken care of on the grounds that they are more effectd by the web assaults. Assailants do the assault straight since this takes the tonss of clasp for the businesses to recover and reproduce the lost informations and takes a lot of clasp even in the web hurt control. loss of clasp and valuble informations could significantly affect worker effectivity and affirmation. The other boss ground for the interest of web security is the Legislation. orchestrating to the serveys led by the specialists they came to cognize about the significance of the internet for the universes monetary position, they other than perceive that the aggressors result on the internet could other than do the financial damage to the universe. National authoritiess are mounting Torahs to tweak the colossal waterway of electronic data. Organizations built up the plans to get the day of the month in the sheltered way in adjustment to set up the statutes given by government.The organizations which does non take security constabularies to ensure the data congruity will be voilated and penalized.3.2 System security demandsIn these yearss providing security had turned into an intense endeavor for all the bisiness and the various organizations. Security must be given to the customers and the of import informations to defend them from the malevolent and nonvoluntary leaks.Information is extremely of import for each try, it might be the utilization records or normal things. By the CIOs it got conceivable to customers, workers and mates to gain the informations in part of seconds.The cost of cash other than turned out to be more to make all these thing s.There are three reason for which this data may fall in danger they are ( I ) when the worry system interferences down ( two ) representative mix-up ( three ) spreads in security. Danger is so from customer and competitory power per unit territories, regulative and corporate congruity, and the lifting cost advancement of informations spills Information one of the of import assets of financial foundation ‘s. To keep up the trust between the mates or build up the confirmation in the customers it is a greater amount of import to flexibly the great security which will be useful for the great voyaging and the notoriety of the organization. At a similar clasp solid data is important to treat minutess and comfirm customer conclusions. A monetary foundation ‘s total compensation and capital can be influenced if the data holes to unapproved organizations. Data security is one of import method by which an association ensures and makes sure about its frameworks, media, and keep up data of import to its tasks. The monetary foundations have an extraordinary obligations to secure the states financial assistance infrastucture On a wide model. The monetary securit y of the customer will other than relies upon the security gave to the business frameworks and its informations.effective security projects ought to be taken by the Individual financial foundations and their administration providersfor their operational complexness.there ought to be a solid and strong board to keep and take consideration of these security arrangements so as to shield the organization from the security threats or some other malignant attacks.there ought to be a normal direction to the organizations on the security precations they take to gracefully the organizations, with the goal that we can obtain the more adequate results and can better the organizations security degree aswell. associations often mistakenly perceive data security as status of controls. As the Security is an on-going methodology in by and large security position the status of a financial foundation relies upon the file. Different indexs incorporate the intensity of the foundation to ceaselessly qua ntify its position and respond fittingly despite rapidly evolving threats, engineerings, and concern conditions. A financial foundation builds up and keeps up really viable data security when it constantly coordinates techniques, individuals, and designing to conceal risk in congruity with peril examination

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example

The death penalty ought to be annulled Essay Example The death penalty ought to be nullified Essay The death penalty ought to be nullified Essay There are around 1. 000 individuals condemned to expire as a result of executing flagitious offense all inclusive every twelvemonth ( Rogers. 2012. equality. 10 ) . Be that as it may. a few states despite everything demand executing the expire discipline or capital punishment so as to chop down offense. In the twentieth century it is fought that estimation of life ought to be pressed together. what's more, everybody merits the option to last. For this ground. it tends to be contended that capital punishment ought to be annulled and entire life detainment ought to be actualized on the other hand. First. to determine deplorable crime’ and capital punishment’ is of import. The meaning of flagitious offense contrasts relying upon the state. All things considered. it identifies with offenses of good turpitude’ . which are exceptionally savage Acts of the Apostless including killing. colza. murder and fear based oppressor act ( Tooby. 2012. equality. 1 ) . Interestingly. the meaning of capital punishment’ is increasingly concrete. It is characterized by the Oxford Dictionary ( 2012 ) as the legally approved brutal passing of individual as punishment for an offense. This incorporates destructive infusion. savage gas. hanging. executed by terminating sqard. lapidating. execution and consuming. This article will reason that capital punishment is against fundamental human rights. furthermore will turn out that criminals have been seen as guiltless after they have been executed. thirdly it will confirm the being of out of line decisions. At long last. this article will uncover counterarguments that help the perish discipline. using cases from Saudi Arabia. China and America as its guide to reason that capital punishment is brutal and unneeded. To get down with. fitting to The Universal Human Rights Declaration ( 2012. equality. 3 ) Everyone has the option to life. self-governance and security of individual . thusly. in view of this premiss executing capital punishment is against fundamental human rights. Everybody has the option to last. no 1 can strip individuals of this right. non even the specialists. Since the privilege of people is ensured by law. which can non strip anybody haphazardly of life ( Human Right Association. 2003. equality. 2 ) . Capital punishment. be that as it may. is an example that dismisses human rights. Besides. the justness framework is set up to hinder offense and keep a serene society ( UNICEF. 2003. equality. 7 ) . The expire discipline. all things considered. incurs hurt upon another. which can possibly make alarm inside society ( Jayashree. 2010. equality. 7 ) . In this manner. capital punishment appears to contradict the built up justness framework. More awful still. some authoritiess execute criminals in a cool way. For representation. in Saudi Arabia. criminals are executed by beheading by cutting edge or lapidating wherby the criminals are assaulted by tossing rocks until they pass on ( Moni. 2010. equality. 6 ) . Accordingly. capital punishment is a flagitious and cold demonstration of power that must be abrogated so as to keep an empathetic culture with zero resistance. Another ground of contradicting capital punishment is that a few criminals have been seen as guiltless after they had been condemned and executed. be that as it may, they could neer return. By using entire life detainment. the activity brought by misinterpretation can be maintained a strategic distance from. One delineation is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan. China. He was executed in 1997 for the colza and killing of a 5-year-old miss. The natural structure of the miss was found in toilet of open help station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The office of test led polygraph demonstrating on all troopers. by the by. just Jiang did non base on balls. More regrettable still. a toilet tissue was found in the latrine which contained mix of Jiang’s natural structure liquid and blood of miss in light of the fact that Jiang utilized restroom previously. Because of find of this grounds. Jiang was indicted for colza and killing. He was inevitably executed in 1997. however, his male parent battled for plea consistently because of insufficient test in this example. At long last. the administrations reevaluated grounds left in the example in 2001. what's more, they found that Jiang was guiltless and the slayer was Huang. At last. the existent slayer was condemned ( Tian. 2011 ) . After Jiang was executed. the notoriety of his entire family unit was decimated. Can a specialists make up for this? The case of Jiang is only a glimpse of something larger of fetus removal of justness that happens around the universe. there were vast cases where criminals were discovered guiltless in the wake of executing. Shockingly. the lives of these executed unpracticed people can non be returned. it is strongly an offense submitted by the legislatures. It is regularly trusted thatEveryone is equivalent and just in forepart of law’ . nonetheless. uncalled for judgment despite everything exists in the lawful framework because of victimization various races and genders in certain states. Nagin and Piper nigrum ( 2009 ) contended that The Justice framework in South America is regulated by same choose power development. Be that as it may, justness for Blacks is vindictive and passionate. while for the Whites is common and discerning. The measurements other than show that figure of inkinesss being executed are unquestionably more than Whites providing that about same figure of highly contrasting criminals carry out the offense in regards of imbalance. The capital punishment record demonstrates that 706 people got the expire sentence since 1910. while 362. or on the other hand fairly the greater part. were truly executed. For the individuals being executed. there were 282 dark guys. 73 white guys. five Indian guys and two dark females where the measurements was from the territories that holding greater part of Whites. ( Laurence. 2012. p. 119 ) This grounds demonstrates that Blacks have a higher chance of having the perish discipline contrasting with Whites. Other than Jayashree ( 2010. equality. 6 ) states the hapless may non hold cash to draw in a lawyer to help them. Thusly. they have a relatively higher pace of detainment or even be executed. In add-on. in Saudi Arabia. grown-up females face the perish discipline by lapidating for criminal discussion. While it is typical for work powers to get hitched a couple of grown-up females. they do non persevere through any lawful impact for individual businesss ( Moni. 2010. equality. 1 ) . This uncovers out of line judgment exists for various genders. distinctive financial position and various races. Numerous individuals believe that actualizing capital punishment can chop down the figure of flagitious offense in the public eye because of dread of genuine punishment. While. the outcome of the perish discipline in telling offense is as yet questionable. As help by Jayashree ( 2010. equality. 7 ) The pace of offense is 43 for every centum in the region that holding dead discipline while simply 23 for each centum in area that without perish discipline in America. This shows the outcome of capital punishment may non be useful in cut bringing down offense rates. Other than. there are numerous individuals anticipating vulnerability that cash spent in back uping the lives of criminals is considerably more than cost of capital punishment. Truth be told. the expense of executing the perish discipline is non low by any means. governments need cash to fix paperss, for example, Deoxyribonucleic corrosive preliminaries and a permit of expire for the criminal. Entire lives detainment is the mo st fit way to punish the criminals that executing flagitious offense. Jayashree. 2010. para6 guarantee that In gaol. decennaries and decennaries of life in a coop. in a situation of colza and power and being dealt with like energize creatures is more terrible than the perish sentence. With the expire sentence. the anguish is over quickly. It can other than calm the casualty family unit as the criminals languish in gaol over significant stretch of clasp. Other than. there is a decent possibility in gaol to permit them to change themselves and give them a second chance to amend themselves. On the different manus. actualizing capital punishment is engrafting the develop of an oculus for an eye’ and an ear for an ear’ into society. In this manner. get free ofing capital punishment is a solitary way non to permit this abhorrent develop base on balls to our following coevals. All the more essentially. entire lives detainment do non permit criminals suffer from premature births of justness. To reason. since there are numerous weaknesses in moving out capital punishment, for example, this is against human right. being of uncalled for judgment and the result of perish discipline is as yet questionable. To rehash. capital punishment ought to be nullified and specialists should gracefully second open door for criminals to redress themselves.

Essay Topics For College - Helpful Tips For Writing About Your Interests

Essay Topics For College - Helpful Tips For Writing About Your InterestsInformative essay topics for college are a serious part of the college application process. They are highly influential in determining how well you do in college and what kind of colleges you might want to attend. For this reason, it is important that you choose the topics that are both interesting and relevant to your life and interests.You will find it helpful to write your informational essay topics for college on the topics that interest you the most. For example, if you enjoy writing about animals or even sports, you can write about that. If you enjoy writing about travel, then that is an excellent topic. Once you have identified the topics that you are interested in writing about, then it is time to decide how to approach the task.When it comes to writing essay topics for college, there are plenty of essay topics for you to choose from. It is possible to write about almost anything and everything, and there are hundreds of topics to choose from. Most people use topics that are related to their background and experience. While this may be useful in some instances, it can also lead to confusion. It can be difficult to know where to start when writing a topic for essay because the vast variety of topics to choose from can sometimes overwhelm students.In the early part of the academic year, students may try to work out what they want to write about during the first part of the year. It is not uncommon for students to find that they cannot find the topic that they want to write about, so they begin to write about whatever comes to mind. However, there are many topics that can provide great topics for a first year college student, and it is a good idea to choose one or two of these topics to focus on.If you do not have a topic to choose from, you can always take advantage of the ones that are already out there. Youcan find topics for different types of students, such as first-year college s tudents, sophomores, juniors, seniors, and everyone else. Students can also use topic guides that are provided by colleges and universities to help them find topics that might be appropriate to their situation.It is best to begin writing about your topic a few weeks before you plan to submit your entire essay for consideration. This will give you enough time to compose the essay without having to worry about someone reading it, either for the purpose of reviewing it or to possibly choose another candidate. By taking advantage of the introduction, body, and conclusion portions of the essay, it is possible to move past the idea stage and into the writing stage without too much difficulty.Another great advice for those who are beginning is to read more of the literature surrounding your topic. There are lots of books available that discuss different topics, and it is always a good idea to pick up a few of these in order to get a broader perspective on the topic. There are also plenty o f research papers available that outline popular topics and make it easier to learn more about them.Finally, it is a good idea to have a mentor or teacher write the topic for you, which can help you to find a topic that is more interesting than you originally thought, and can help you to decide on more informative essay topics for college. You should be able to find someone within your school or community that can help you craft your essay, and it is always a good idea to have one resource to reference when writing an essay. A mentor can also be valuable when the topic seems to be overwhelming for you.

Racial Profiling Is Not Be Acknowledged As A Law...

Racial profiling emerges as a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the United States of America as well as different parts of the world all the more so in the created nations. Basically, it includes the utilization of the ethnicity, race or nationality of a person as the fundamental variable of law authorization methodology, for example, arbitrary checks, capture and so forth. In the United States of America, racial profiling is generally considered by numerous individuals as an apparatus of executing racial segregation especially towards individuals who are drawn from ethnic minorities. For this specific paper, far reaching contentions should be made to legitimize and/or vindicate the way that racial profiling ought not be acknowledged as a law authorization hone. There are various points of view that might come in exceptionally convenient as to the vindication of this attestation; for case, it serves as a stage for executing the infringement of crucial human rights. The case illustration of the Arizona SB 1070 law serves as a lawful escape clause that can contribute straightforwardly or in a roundabout way towards the acceleration of racial profiling. It is additionally basically imperative to highlight the way that the vast majority of the preferences connected with racial profiling are greatly wobbly and thusly, its commitment towards the improvement of society is exceptionally negligible. The United States of America has a rich history that goes back many yearsShow MoreRelatedThe Immigration Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act ( Arizona Senate Bill 1070 )3640 Words   |  15 Pagesharshest immigration law in history. Astonishingly, this law wasn t formed by our Federal Government, but by the Arizona State Senate in hopes of curtailing the ever growing population of illegal immigrants who are smuggled into the United States, come legally and overstay their visa, or come in hope of a better life. This writing will investigate the social construction and the circumstances that lead to atrocity surrounding the initiation of a long list of Arizona immigration laws. Secondly, theRead MoreUnited States V. Arizona14319 Words   |  58 PagesUnited States v. Arizona: The Support Our Law Enforcement and Neighborhoods Act is Preempted and Discriminatory Melissa Goolsarran Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Perspective: Immigration, Discrimination, and Limitations on State Laws 3 III. Background: United States v. Arizona 9 A. S.B. 1070 and the Legislature’s Justification 10 B. The Decision: United States v. Arizona 18 IV. Analysis: S.B. 1070 is Preempted by Federal Immigration Law and Also Discriminatory 23 A. The NinthRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesorganizational culture, organizational environments, and differences among national cultures is a result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods. There Are Few Absolutes in OB 6 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Laws in the physical sciences—chemistry, astronomy, physics—are consistent and apply in a wide range of situations. They allow scientists to generalize about the pull of gravity or to be confident about sending astronauts into space to repair satellitesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmilitary analogies: lessons for market leaders Strategies for market challengers Strategies for market followers Strategies for market nichers Military analogies and competitive strategy: a brief summary The inevitability of strategic wear-out (or the law of marketing gravity and why dead cats only bounce once) The influence of product evolution and the product life cycle on strategy Achieving above-average performance and excellence Summary 387 390 396 423 425 427 427 427 428 438 447 461 463 465Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesto influence others. Leadership sometimes can be accomplished through relatively rational, explicit, rule-based methods of assessing situations and determining actions. Nevertheless, there is also an emotional side of human nature that must be acknowledged. Leaders are often most effective when they affect people at both the emotional level and the rational level. The idea of leadership as a whole-person process can also be applied to the distinction often made between leaders and managers. Although

Anorexia Nervosa Etiology, Treatment, and Related...

This paper was designed to discuss several basic topics regarding anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is and eating disorder with an incredibly high mortality rate characterized by low body weight and an obsessive fear of becoming overweight that occurs primarily in females after puberty, yet before the age of 40 years. Unfortunately, Not much is known about the causes of anorexia nervosa, but possible correlations are blood relation to a person suffering from anorexia nervosa, those who have recently experienced a stressful event, a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder in childhood, or participation in a culture or profession that values thinness. Due to the mystery of the true causes of the disorder, the†¦show more content†¦Once a person has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, the treatments typically involve intense hospital stay programs which are usually at least ten weeks long. These programs are usually effective in both the restoration of weight to the patient as well as the decrease in depression and obsessive compulsive tendencies. However, this type of treatment is discouraged by most medical insurance plans because of the length of the hospital stay as well as the cost. Consequently, this aspect of anorexia nervosa along with the possible causes, are traditionally the most common topics of research regarding anorexia nervosa (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Two main areas of research to speed up the treatment time of anorexia nervosa have been explored. These areas are developing more efficient outpatient programs, and the development of medications to restore weight and decrease obsessive and d epressive symptoms in individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa. In the experiment, â€Å"Olanzapine in the Treatment of Low Body Weight and Obsessive Thinking in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial†, the drug olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug with a reported side-effect of weight gain was prescribed to patients along with a traditional ten week day hospital program. The results of thoseShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 Pages408 Hernandez Illness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorderRead More Childhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders1990 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders Todays literature estimates that as many as 1 in 3 females and 1 in 7 boys have been the victim of sexual abuse. There are about 2,000 to 3,000 new cases of incest each year in each major city in the United States. It is reported by the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse that in 1993, 2.9 million children were reported to protective services because they were being abused, neglected, or both (Schwartz). 16%Read MoreThe Treatment Of Eating Disorders4614 Words   |  19 Pagescriteria and symptoms a person must exhibit in order to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia. These symptoms primarily relate to a disturbance in eating pattern, weight loss, an intense fear of being fat, and a disturbed body image. The etiology of eating disorders is not clearly understood, but psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors need to be considered. The treatment approach for anorexia nervosa and bulimia is also challenging and can present with serious medical complic ationsRead MoreEssay on Biochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia1070 Words   |  5 PagesBiochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia Millions of people in the United States suffer from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a dangerous eating disorder characterized by distorted body image, obsession with food and weight, drastic reduction in food intake often to the point of starvation, and extreme weight loss (1). Bulimia nervosa is a somewhat similar eating disorder more specifically characterized by recurring episodes of uncontrollable binge eating followedRead MoreEffects Of Eating Disorders On Children And Adolescents2521 Words   |  11 Pageschildren and adolescents, eating disorders can overlap in many instances. As an example, some children alternate between periods of anorexia and bulimia. Eating disorders typically develop during adolescence or early adulthood. However, research has shown that they can start in childhood, too. Females are much more vulnerable. Only an estimated 5% to 15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are male. With binge eating, the number rises to 35% male (Ame rican Psychological Association, 2000). It is importantRead MoreEating Disorders Are A Potential And Critical Concern2762 Words   |  12 Pagescategorical diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Hoek and van Hoeken (2003) reported that the prevalence of bulimia nervosa has tripled from 1988-1993 for woman ages ten to thirty-nine. Many people who develop eating disorders do not seek the essential help they need and attempt to mask the serious illness. Thus, the estimated reports of bulimia nervosa are presumably subordinate (Heok van Hoeken, 2003). It is important for school counselors to understand bulimia nervosa in its entirety. The knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Linking Eating Disorders With Genetics1871 Words   |  8 Pagescontinue eating large amounts of food. At this point, you may be wondering why these examples are not considered Bulimia Nervosa. According to Dr. Richard Allan Gordon, author of Eating Disorders: Anatomy of a Social Epidemic, these examples â€Å"show little evidenc e of a preoccupation with thinness and are unlikely examples of the modern eating disorder. In fact, the existence of Bulimia Nervosa as a distinct disorder prior to the twentieth century is highly unlikely...and even within the twentieth centuryRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1477 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. They all involve serious disturbances in weight regulation and eating habits, accompanied by adverse effects on social, psychological and physical aspects of one’s life (‘Eating disorders: About more than food’, n.d.). This essay will specifically be focusing on bulimia nervosa, as research shows a higher level of stigma associated with it, compared to other eating disorders (Roehrig McLean, 2009). Bulimia nervosa is characterisedRead MorePanic Disorder And Anxiety Disorder1674 Words   |  7 PagesPanic Disorder refers to an overwhelming fear, terror, or fright that is usually referred to as panic, one that happens to an individual several times in his or her life. She goes on to describe panic as a situation that is short-lived and frequently related to a terrifying event that happens in an individual’s life. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to provide a detailed discussion that shows a definitive picture of panic disorder. In order to enhance one’s understanding on what a panic disorderRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Body Dissatisfaction And Eating Disordered Behavior Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesBackground: Dissatisfaction with the size, weight, and shape of one’s body contributes to the risk of developing an eating disorder. Body dissatisfaction appears common among adolescents, but there is little information available on changes in prevalence over time. Purpose: We aim to study temporal changes in body dissatisfaction and eating disordered behavior between 1999 and 2007 and their relationship in high school aged youth. Methods: The National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data sets

Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework

Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework Introduction The purpose of this assignment to is to consider Performance Management in a Human Resources Framework. Firstly, the assignment will look at the concept of ‘Human Resources Management’ as a holistic strategic approach to managing the relationship between employer and employee that goes beyond the bounds of mere ‘Personnel Management’. Secondly, in light of the statement from Cooke and Armstrong (1990, cited in Rudman, 2002) that â€Å"Human resources strategies exist to ensure that the culture, values and structure of the organisation and the quality, motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully to the achievement of its objectives† (p.7), I will examine the†¦show more content†¦Several authors (McGraw, 1997; Rudman, 2002) compare the differences between PM and HRM, largely with PM directed at the needs of employees and focused on solving day-to-day problems and mediation, as opposed with HRM primarily directed at the needs of management. McGraw (1997) lists twenty-seven points of difference between PM and HRM across four dimensions: beliefs and assumptions; strategic aspects; line management and key levers (p.20). The emphasis in such comparisons shows HRM is focussed towards the management planning that integrates the organisation’s strategic direction and to monitoring the personnel functions carried out by line managers. The priority for management in employing HRM approaches lies with the mission and values of the whole organisation and its long-term objectives (Macky Johnson, 2000). Macky and Johnson (2000) reveal there are three distinct themes evident in the HRM approach. The first emphasises the need to ‘integrate a firm’s HR practices into a coherent system’ (p.6). The second, seeks to ensure there is more to HR activities than systems that work together (â€Å"horizontal fit†), there also needs to be present â€Å"a clear link between HR processes and a firm’s strategy for success (‘vertical fit’)† (p.7). Thirdly, that â€Å"employees in themselves can be a source of sustained competitive advantage† (p.7). By viewing employeesShow MoreRelatedImplementation Of A Strategic Management System835 Words   |  4 Pages This paper extends the REA framework to include broader definitions of the model terms and encompass the balanced scorecard’s learning and growth perspective information requirements. The balanced scorecard includes financial and nonfinancial measures from which performance is compared to as part of a strategic management system. The REA framework focuses on economic activity (very close to the traditional accounting view) whereas the balanced scorecard goes beyond economic information to includeRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : Marks And Spencer1208 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness environment is facing a rapid change that reminds the business management to focus on its core competencies to survive and sustain in the competitive environment. The core competencies can be developed by strategic human resource management. 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Essay about Unemployment Rates in Australia

Question: Discuss about theUnemployment Rates in Australia. Answer: Introduction The unemployment rate has been increasing in Australia since last many years. Now, the unemployment rate of Australia has increased from 7.61 in August 2001 to 13.19 in July of 2016. After calculating since the last 8 years, it is found that the unemployment rates have been increased or the number of unemployed people is increased in Australia. Australia is facing the biggest economic challenges because of the high unemployment issueas currently there are more than 80,0000 youth unemployed or jobless in Australia. The high unemployment ratesadversely affect the GDP of the Australia(Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2016). The high unemployment rate creates economic challenges for the Australian country as well as causes for the failure of the gross domestic products. Currently, Australia unemployment rate is at 5.7 percent which is pretty low because the Australian country has lots of unemployed people. In Tasmania, Queensland, and South Australia, the unemployment rates are higher in comparison to Northern territory of Australia. According to the recent figures by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, in August 2016, the employment increased at an average of month growth rate of 0.1 percent as the unemployment rate fell from 5.7% in July 2016 to 5.6% in August 2016. It was the lowest unemployment rates since after 2013 as the Australian economy lost 3,900 jobs and the number of unemployed or jobless people decreased by 10,500 persons. The part time employment growth continued with an increase of 10,200 employees, while the full time employment decreased by 400 people(Australian Government, Department of Unemployment, 2015).Since 1978 to 2016, the unemployed rate in Australia has grown at an average of 6.93%, in October 1992; the unemployment rate was the highest of this time duration as it was 11.10 percent, while in February 2008 it was recorded the lowest which was 4.0 percent. The unemployment rates for different regions/territory of the Australian country in August 2016 wererecorded as for the Northern territory (3.5%), Australian Capital Territory (3.6%), New South Wales (5%), Victoria (5.5%), Queensland (6.2%), Western Australia (6.3%), South Australia (6.8%), and Tasmania (7.2%).In August 2016, 11963.72 thousands were employed persons and 713.28 thousands were unemployed persons throughout the Australian country. The youth unemployment rate was increased 13.19% in July 2016 to 13.24% in 2016. The unemployment trend statistics show that the unemployment rate remained almost steady at 5.7%, and unemployed participation rate steady at 64.8%(Murphy, 2016). The month hours worked in all jobs increased from 1.7 million hours to 1657.1 million hours. The employment rate decreased from 61.24% in July 2016 to 61.16% in August 2016. The youth unemployment rate has been increased from 13.24 to 13.16 in August 2016 and the productivity increased from 102.30 to 103 .50 in August 2016. Over the past twelve years, the full time employment increased by 83,800 at an average of 1.04% and the part time employment increased by 160,900 at an average rate of 4.48%. Over the past year the unemployment rate has decreased by an average of 6.0%. New South Wales recorded the lowest seasonally adjusted unemployment rates of 5.3% unchanged from March 2016. While, for Victoria and Western Australia recorded the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate at 5.6%, Tasmania 6.3%, Queensland 6.5%, and South Australia at 6.8%. Below mentioned chart shows the unemployment rate in Australian states: Source: Australian government, (2016) Source: Australian government, (2016) The above chart shows that unemployment rate of Tasmania is high as compare to other state or Territory in Australia. The rate of Tasmania in the year 2016 is 7.2%, which is highest unemployment rate over all the Australian states. South Australia had an unemployment rate of 6.8%, Western Australia 6.3%, Queensland 6.2%, Victoria 5.5%, New South Wales 5%, Australian Capital Territory 3.5%, and Northern Territory 3.5%. The people of the South Australia and Tasmania are struggling for jobs because the tax policy of the Australian government as it reduces the profit of the companies (Australian government, 2016). Due to this, Australian companies are being offshoring companies, which maake some people unemployed. On the other hand, low rate of the northern territory indicates that in these Australian states; business is growing continuously that creates the job opportunity for unemployed people. Issues: Australia is facing some common unemployment causes like industry shutdowns, recession, infrastructure, technology, natural disaster, and offshoring (Mavromaras et al, 2015). The shutdown of the industries is the major cause of the unemployment in Australia. Due to this, the many of the South Australia peoples out of the work that increases the unemployment rate. Apart from this, the worldwide recession also has the negative impact on the economic growth. It slow down the growth of Australian economy and develop the strict rules and regulation. To overcome the recession, if the company follows the rules and regulation of government, then it increases the unemployment rate of the economy. On the other hand, harder economic time of the Australian economy decreases the public and private companies investment on infrastructure. This affects the skills of the engineers and forces them to move overseas, which increase the unemployment rate of the economy (Sebastian, 2015). Furthermore, development of the technology is also a major cause of unemployment in an economy. Along with this, the tax rate of the Australian government is higher than western countries rate that influences the companies to offshore. The low tax rate and incentives policy of western countries increase the rate of Australian unemployment. As many of the Australian textile companies are going offshore. Due to tax benefit and incentives, Australian economy is becoming the service economy (Blackwell and Dollery, 2013). Furthermore, Australian economy faces the natural disaster like cyclone, flood, and earthquake. In Queensland people, works on banana implantation and Queensland is a cyclone-affected area. If cyclone hit the banana implantation then huge amount of unemployment will occur there. The unemployment rate affects the value of Australian Dollar, exchange rates, and GDP of the country. It also affects the industrial growth, exporting trade, trade economies, and economic conditions in the country. The Australian Government Department of Employment is responsible for formulating the national employment policies for creating safe, fair, and highly productive workplace. Government Policies The Australian Employment Department intervenes to reduce the unemployment rates by incorporating several employment policies for providing employment to the different kinds of employees after reducing the employment barriers. The Australian government focuses on two strategies for reducing unemployment in different regions/territories of Australia. The first policy is demand side policy for reducing the demand-side unemployment and the second policy is supply side policy related to reducing structural unemployment(Scutt, 2016). The Australian Employment Department has been adopting several initiatives for reducing unemployment throughout the Australian country. It has been focusing on reducing unemployment through decreasing interest rates, lowering tax rates,promoting training and educational facilities, facilitating geographical subsidies, lowering minimum wages to reduce the real wage unemployment, and flexibility of the labor markets. The Australian government intervenes to reduce the unemployment rates for providing the unemployed or jobless persons a range of employment opportunities in order to ensure the high GDP or economic growth of the country. The high employment rates will encourage more national and international business activities and mobility of the Australian labors in the Australian industries. The Australian government invests huge expenditure on the employment infrastructure for providing more jobs to the jobless persons or the job applicants who are seeking for new jobs. The Australian employment department is continuing its efforts to determine the minimum wages for enhancing the living standards of the employees in the country(Trade Economics, 2016). The Australian government is also investing hugely in the training, education, and industrial infrastructure for enhancing the employment opportunities in the country. The lower tax rates will assist to decrease the cost of borrowing and encourage people to spend and invest. The lower tax rates will be effective to increase GDP as well as reducing the demand deficient unemployment. References Australia Bureau of Statistics (2016).Increasing part-time employment continues. [Online]. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/46DFE12FCDB783D9CA256B740082AA6C?OpenDocument. (Accessed: 28 September 2016). Australian Government, Department of Unemployment (2015).Labour Force Region (SA4) - Unemployment Rate by State and Territory.[Online]. Available at:https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/LFR_SAFOUR/LFR_UnemploymentRate. (Accessed: 28 September 2016). Australian government (2016) Labour Force Region (SA4) - Unemployment Rate by State and Territory. [Online]. Available at: https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/LFR_SAFOUR/LFR_UnemploymentRate (Accessed on: 29 September, 2016). Blackwell, B. and Dollery, B., (2013) Resource taxation and remote Aboriginal expenditure. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy,32(3), pp.360-382. Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P. and Wei, Z., (2015) The scarring effects of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared. Applied economics,47 (23), pp.2413-2429. Murphy, J. (2016). Hopeless cases: The bitter taste of Australias employment problem. [Online]. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/hopeless-cases-the-bitter-taste-of-australias-employment-problem/news-story/ae4504c4341e10b27098ef1680edc8fd. (Accessed: 28 September 2016). Scutt, D. (2016). Australia Unemployment Steady at 5.7%.[Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/here-comes-australias-jobs-report-2016-5. (Accessed: 28 September 2016). Sebastian (2015) Causes of unemployment common causes in Australia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.adelaide-southaustralia.com/money/causes-of-unemployment/ (Accessed on: 29 September, 2016). Trade Economics (2016).Australia Unemployment Rate.[Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate. (Accessed: 28 September 2016).

Rene Descartes an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Rene Descartes I. Introduction Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. At a time when the intellectual movements of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance had become moribund, he conceived fresh programs for philosophy and science and elaborated and defended them with great originality and brilliance. Descartes founded modern philosophical rationalism and had a profound and pervasive influence on subsequent philosophers of all schools. He was among the first to construe philosophy as providing a necessary foundation for science and rejecting the traditional contemplative ideal, to regard science as a means of acquiring mastery over nature for the benefit of mankind. In addition to being an innovator in philosophy, he was one of the creators of mathematical physics, the inventor of analytic geometry, and an important figure in the histories of optics, physiology, and other branches of science (Cottingham, 2002). Need essay sample on "Rene Descartes" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed II. Background A. Early life Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in La Haye, a small town in the Tonraine district, now called La Haye-Descartes in his honor. He claimed, mistakenly, that his mother died while giving birth to him: in fact, she died while giving birth to another child about a year later. He was raised first by one of his grandmothers and then by the other until, at the age of 10, he entered the Jesuit school at La Fleche, near Le Mans, in 1614 he graduated from this school: two years later, perhaps to satisfy his father (who was an official of the Parlement of Britanny) he obtained a degree in law from University of Poitiers. Descartes family was well-to-do, and he received an income that enabled him to live in moderate comfort throughout his life. He appears to have had considerable difficulty, as a young man, in finding himself. Until he was about 30 his devotion to the philosophical and scientific interests he had developed at La Fleche was somewhat intermittent and unsystematic. Periods in which his intellectual activity was remarkably intense and productive alternated with periods in which he led a more or less dilettantish life (Cottingham, 2002). Descartes spent several years as a soldier, a customary occupation for younger sons of his social class. In 1617, he went to the Netherlands and joined the army of Maurice of Nassau. He found garrison life boring in the extreme until he met Isaac Beeckman, a mathematician and physicist who recognized Descartes talent and whom Descartes credited with having aroused him from his intellectual torpor. After serving briefly in Germany with the Duke of Bavaria in 1619, Descartes ended his military career. There is no evidence that he was ever in combat. Several years later, however, while living in Paris, he disarmed a man in swordplay over an insult to a lady (Moyal, 2001). B. First Creative Period During his stay in Germany, Descartes had maintained and intensified the intellectual momentum previously generated in him by his discussions with Beeckman. Not long after leaving the Netherlands, he made some important mathematical discoveries, and this success inspired him with ambition. His efforts to extend his achievement reached their climax in the fall of 1619, when he conceived the plan of a universal science, in which all problems susceptible to human reason could be solved and in which all philosophical and scientific truth could be unified as a single system (Kenny, 2004). The exaltation induced in him during this sustained period of strikingly creative work was followed shortly by exhaustion and self-doubt, and he suffered a brief emotional crisis. On the night of Nov. 10-11, 1619, he had three dreams that impressed him deeply. He understood the dreams as reflecting his conflicts concerning the value of his ideas and the risks involved in committing his life to them. His anxieties were apparently resolved when he interpreted the dreams to mean that his conceptions were sound and that it was his mission to create the system of thought whose possibility he believed he had discovered. Between 1619 and 1627, Descartes lived in Paris for several years and spent the rest of time traveling. He lived in Italy for about 18 months, during which period he made a pilgrimage to the shrine of the Virgin Mary at Loreto, fulfilling a vow he made following his three dreams in November 1619. For a while he joined the whirl of Parisian social life, but the role of a cavalier did not satisfy him, and he sloughed it off neatly by changing his residence without notice to his friends. He wrote very little during this period, but his reputation was growing, and he had access to the most advanced intellectual circles (Cottingham, 2002). Part of Descartes vision of universal science was a notion of the method of inquiry by which progress in philosophy and in the sciences might most reliably be made. Episodes of distracted idleness apart, he devoted himself largely to practicing the use of this method and to refining his conception of it. He was especially fascinated by the telescope, which had recently become known in France, and he worked successfully on various problems in optics that arose in the course of his efforts to design more effective telescopic lenses. Late in 1627, Descartes had a long conversation about his philosophical and scientific program with Pierre Cardinal de Berulle, a leading figure in the Roman Catholic renaissance in France. He convinced Berulle that the enterprise he had conceived might lead to progress in medicine and in the useful arts generally, and therefore would be of enormous practical benefit to mankind. Berulle strongly counseled him to devote all his energies to the enterprise and to make it possible for others to join him in his work (Moyal, 2001). The conversation evidently had a decisive impact on Descartes. Imbued with a vivid sense of the urgency of his responsibility, he resolved to improve his conditions of work and to commit himself wholeheartedly to achieving the results that he believed his method made possible. It was at about this time that he decided to leave France for the Netherlands, where the climate was cooler and where he would not be subject to the distractions of French life. C. Move to the Netherlands Descartes settled in the Netherlands in 1628 and, except for a few rather brief visits of France, remained there until 1649. By 1633, he had completed a major work, entitled The World (Le Monde), in which presented parts of his system of physics and the results of his research in physiology and in embryology. The book was about to be published when he learned that the Roman Catholic Church had just condemned Galileo for espousing the Copernican theory of the solar system. Because the astronomical theory developed in The World was also Copernican, Descartes suppressed the book, and it did not appear until many years after his death (Kenny, 2004). In 1637, Descartes published anonymously three essays (Essais) reporting the results of his work in geometry, in optics, and in meteorology, prefaced by a lengthy Discourse on Method (Discours de la methode). Although most learned writing at that time was in Latin, Descartes wrote the Discourse and the essays in French. He hoped they would be read not only by scholars but by intelligent men generally and even by women; his intention was to go over the heads of the scholarly community to people who had no vested interest in the traditional doctrines he was eager to supplant. The Discourse is written for the most part with great lucidity and charm, and it is widely regarded as one of the classics of French literature. It contains an intellectual autobiography, sketches of Descartes method and metaphysics, examinations of certain scientific questions (including an account of Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood, which Descartes was among the first to appreciate and to publicize), and a discussion of the conditions and prospects of further progress in the sciences. Despite its title, it does not provide a detailed account of his method. In 1628, before he left France, Descartes has begun to write, in Latin, a treatise on method called Rules for the Direction of the Mind (Regulae ad directionem ingenii). It was his only substantial work on methodology, but he did not complete it and his manuscript was not published until 1701, more than 50 years after his death (Dicker, 1993). In 1641, Descartes published in Latin his most important book on metaphysics, Meditations Concerning Primary Philosophy (Meditationes de prima philosophia), in which he attempted to establish the framework of concepts and the basic assumptions that he believed the progress of science required. He dedicated the meditations to the theological authorities in France. III. Discussion A. Doctrines By the end of the 16th century, the coherence and authority of the primarily Aristotelian intellectual culture of the late Middle Ages (not to mention its social, political, and religious institutions) had been decisively undermined. But no equally comprehensive alternative view of the world, and of mans place and role in it, had yet been satisfactorily established. For many of the most sensitive and conscientious intellectuals of the period the result was a deep sense of uncertainty (most notably expressed by Montaigne) to abandon active life and to withdraw into oneself (Dicker, 1993). Descartes reinvigorated the philosophical thought of his time by transforming its skepticism and emphasis on self from expressions of despair into creative instruments contributing to intellectual progress. a.) Method Descartes regarded the syllogisms of Aristotelian logic as worthless for the purposes of inquiry. He found them suitable for displaying in a convincing manner the evidence for conclusions that had already been established, but of no value whatever in the effort to make fresh discoveries. On the other hand, he believed that his own method was a powerful means of acquiring new truths. This method was essentially rationalistic. It involved, first, identifying by conceptual analysis the simple elements to which all more complex objects of thought may be reduced, and second, synthesizing an understanding of the structure of reality by perceiving the necessary relationships in which these elements must stand to one another (Dicker, 1993). His initial moves in applying this method were to press uncertainty to its ultimate limit by subjecting to the most uncompromising criticism the evidence on which his accustomed beliefs rested, and to suspend every opinion, however plausible, in which he found even the slightest rational basis for doubt (Kenny, 2004). This ruthless gambit had a double purpose. First, Descartes intended to regain complete control over his own mind by eliminating the preconceptions and prejudices he had acquired during the time when he was not yet capable of exercising his critical faculties autonomously. And, second, he hoped to uncover some preposition that would prove itself immune to even the most relentless skepticism and that could thus provide a firm foundation for the reconstruction of his system of beliefs (Kenny, 2004). His plan was to proceed from this proposition, once he had found it, by steps so cautious and well-defined that there would be no risk of error or of misunderstanding. In pursuing this strategy, Descartes consciously imitated what he took to be the method of mathematics, whose peculiar lucidity and certainty he wished to introduce into the other branches of learning with which he was concerned. b.) Senses and Reason Descartes methodological skepticism led him first to a suspension of all beliefs based on the evidence of the senses. Sensory evidence is never in itself conclusive, he argued, since it is always possible (so far as can be determined by the senses) that a person is dreaming or that a supernatural power has arranged for him to be deceived. But while Descartes therefore provisionally regarded the existence and character of physical objects (including his own body) as uncertain, like Montaigne he found the reality of his mind uniquely secure against all doubts (Cottingham, 2002). However determined his skepticism, he could not doubt that he was doubting; this preposition was confirmed by the very effort to refute it. In what is surely the most famous statement in philosophical literatureI think; therefore I am (cogito ergo sum)he expressed the unimpeachable certainty of his own existence as a thinking being and identified the point from which his efforts to reconstruct his beliefs could confidently proceed (Moyal, 2001). IV. Conclusion In conclusion, Descartes last book was Treatise on the passions (Les passions de lame, 1649), in which he dealt mainly with psychology, ethics, and the relation between mind and body. IN 1649, he went to Stockholm at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden, who wished him to teach her philosophy and to establish an institute for the advancement of science. When his friend Chanut, the French ambassador in Stockholm, became ill with pneumonia, Descartes helped to care for him and contracted the disease himself (Cottingham, 2002). Descartes died in Stockholm on February 11, 1650, and was buried in Sweden. In 1666, his remains were taken to Paris and buried in the Church of Ste. Genevieve du Mont; in 1819, they were moved to the Church of ST. Germain des Pres, except for his skull, which is in the Musee de lHomme. Reference: Cottingham, John, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Descartes. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Standard handbook, with good guide to further reading. Dicker, Georges. Descartes: an Analytical and Historical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 1993. Rather more substantial than title suggests. Kenny, Anthony. Descartes, a Study of his Philosophy. 2004. New York: Random House; New York; London: Garland, 1999. Another classic study, by a leading British philosopher. Moyal, George D., ed. Ren Descartes: Critical Assessments. 7 v. London: Routledge, 2001. Comprehensive collection.

Free Essays on Descartes Examination Of A Thinking Soul

so as to give appropriate, meaningful answer to questions and whether it can engage in a rage of appropriate, rational activities (CR, pp.34-35). Here, however, Descartes goes a step further as he devic... Free Essays on Descartes Examination Of A Thinking Soul Free Essays on Descartes Examination Of A Thinking Soul Descartes’ Examination of a Thinking Soul In order to truly understand the nature of the human mind as asked in the course syllabus one must be able to define a thinking individual, something that Descartes attempts and succeeds in achieving. In his Letter to the Marquess of Newcastle, Descartes rejects others’ belief that animals have reasoning or thoughts and devices a sort of test based on a defining characteristic of a thinking mind that he believes can successfully separate the thinking from the non-thinking. Descartes thoroughly seeks for a distinguishing feature that separates an animal mind from a human mind and comes to the conclusion that an â€Å"external action†, more specifically the capacity for linguistic activity is the difference. According to Descartes, defining a thinking creature is ultimately decided by the â€Å"external action† of linguistic capability; however, Descartes makes certain that actions that are inane, for example, are not included. In this passage, Descartes’ idea of â€Å"external actions† is not simply the ability to eat, talk or walk (explained further later) but rather a more complex action that incurs more complex thoughts: the capacity for linguistic activity. However, Descartes does not simply define linguistic activity as talking but as â€Å"†¦words, or other signs that are relevant to particular topics without expressing any passion† (â€Å"Letter to the Marquess of Newcastle,† CR, p. 36). In Descartes’ Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One’s Reason and Seeking the Truth n the Sciences, he first suggests a test to see if there is a separation of body and mind which includes such things as if the candidate is able to respond verbally, produce different arrangements of words so as to give appropriate, meaningful answer to questions and whether it can engage in a rage of appropriate, rational activities (CR, pp.34-35). Here, however, Descartes goes a step further as he devic...

Deal Gases Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deal Gases - Coursework Example There are different gas laws that exist and are summarized by the equation of state (Meyer, 2011). These gas laws include Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay – Lussac’s law and other gas law. The Boyle’s law was derived, finalized and published in 1662. The law states that when gas is at constant temperature, the product obtained from the volume, and the pressure of a certain mass of gas that is confined in a closed system is always a constant. The pressure gauge can be used to verify this statement together with a variable container capacity. The law can also be derived from the kinetic theory of ideal gases. For instance, if a gas container has a fixed number of molecules in it and its volume is reduced more molecules will collide per unit time per given area. This aspect results in a higher pressure in the container (Wang, 2013). 2. Select the light species of the box on the right-hand corner. You can notice that the pump turns red. At that time, the pump is given a press. Again, wait for the values to stabilize and observe the results. When the pump is pressed it some while to come to the stable state. When the pump gives a substantial push the volume of the gas reduced. For this experiment volume in an independent variable, since it does depend on the other parameter to change. The pressure is the dependent variable as it depends on the volume change for it to vary. The graph was plotted for the values of the pressure, and the volume showed that the pressure of the gas varies inversely proportionally to the volume of the gas. The relationship between the pressure and the volume of gas under constant temperature is summarized by the Boyles Law. This law states the under constant conditions of temperature, gas will have its pressure vary inversely proportional to the volume. Charles’ Law is also referred to as the law of

Criminal Justice for Mentally Sick Offenders Coursework

Criminal Justice for Mentally Sick Offenders - Coursework Example The review examines these problems and presents recommendations for preventing such problems and alleviating it further. In this connection Mental Health Act 1984 was taken into study including all pertinent references, results and conclusions. After research of clinical studies it came into light that 6 to 15 percent persons are in city and county jails and 10 to 15 percent persons in the state prisons are suffering from severe mental illness and poor functioning. A considerable numbers from them are homeless, it seems that a majority of mentally sick person are arrested compare to general population of the society. One of the causes evaluated during research in criminal justice system is deinstitutionalization. Adopt more rigid criteria for civil necessities, lack of complete community treatment and the harsh attitude of police and society with this neglected segment of society. This segment is hardly access to community treatment and basic amenities of life. Recommendations includ e reforms in the act through which careful necessary treatment and after care treatment may be provided to such people. Jail detainees should go through a careful screening process and as per their past history and family support, as well as, police officers should be trained formally in this regard. In order to create a positivism segment in our society, offenders having mental disorders may get mental health training, when a minor offence have been committed by them. CONTENTS S. # Name of Chapter Page # 1. 1.1 Chapter 1 Mental Health Act 1984 . 5 1.2 Who is Patient under the Law. 5 2. Chapter 2 Criminal Justice System Related To Mentally Disordered Offenders 6 2.1 Definition of Mental Disorder .. 6 2.2 Health, Social Work and Related Services for Mentally Disordered Offenders 6 2.3 Current Health and Social Work Services Health Services 7 2.4 Local General and Forensic Psychiatric Services. 7 2.5 Out Patient and Community Service. 8 2.6 In Patient Care 8 2.7 Intensive Psychiatric Care Units 9 2.8 Forensic Psychiatric Service 9 2.9 Secure Provision 9 2.10 Admissibility of Confessions.. 10 2.11 Diversions and Public Interest Considerations .. 10 3. Chapter 3 The Standard For Information Required For Establishing A Mental Disorder. 11 4. Chapter 4 Some important figures / Tables / Graphs regarding mentally sick criminals/patients. 13 5. Chapter 5 Primary Care Criteria for Mentally Disordered Patient. 15 5.1 Medical Reports 15 5.2 Criteria for Adults.. 16 5.3 Referral Letter for Adults... 17 5.4 Criteria for Children Adolescents ... 17 5.5 Referral Letter for Children... 18 6. Chapter 6 Use of Mental Health Act 1984. 21 6.1 Before the Assessment.. 22 6.2 During the Assessment.. 23 6.3 Section 24.. 23 6.4 Section 18.. 24 6.5 Arranging Admission. 25 6.6 If the patient is not admitted . 26 6.7 Responsibilities of the Police (Home Office Circular No. 12/95) 26 6.8 Hospital Directions 27 7. Chapter 7 Rehabilitation of Mentally Disordered Offenders 28 8. Chapter 8 Proposals to Reform Mental Health... 32 9. Chapter 9 Editorial by Jill Peay and Nigel Eastman 35 10. Chapter 10 Editorial by Professor Jill Peay "An indefensible gap in mental health law" ... 37 11. Chapter 11 Book Review of Professor Jill Peay Book.. 38 12. Chapter 12 Results and Discussions 42 13. Chapter

Why should we study military history?

Why should we study military history? What is it about the question, why should we study military history that raises such a storm of conversation? In a society that expects education to serve a useful purpose, the functions of history can appear more difficult to define than those of medicine or nuclear physics. History, specifically the study of military history is very useful. In an age of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the old subjects of strategy and tactics can seem obsolete. The importance of the battles of Little Big Horn during the Plains Indian Wars or Kasserine Pass during World War II in North Africa might not be evident if you are thinking only in terms of pushing big red buttons. It is imperative for civilian leaders to understand the military issues before them and the lessons that Soldiers of the past fought so hard to learn in order to prevent new generations of Soldiers from learning them all over again. Its no surprise that American civilians tend to lack a basic understanding for military matters, not to mention military history. In a society that expects education to serve a useful purpose, the functions of history can appear more difficult to define than those of medicine or nuclear physics. History, specifically the study of military history is very useful. Today, universities are even less receptive to the subject. This should be profoundly troubling to our society. A democratic nation should fully understand war, especially in an age of weapons of mass destruction and religious radicals attempting to spread their ideals by using terrorism. Neither most of our citizens nor many of our politicians seem to recall the incompetence and terrible decisions that, in June 1876 and February 1943, led to massive American casualties as well as much public despair. Its no surprise that many Americans think the violence in Iraq is unprecedented in U.S. history. Nearly 4,000 combat dead in Iraq in four and one-half years of fighting is a terrible thing. The American people still bicker about total withdrawal, defeat, up-armored HMMWVs and proper troop levels. But a previous generation considered Okinawa an overwhelming American victory, despite losing, in a little over two months, four times as many Americans as we have lost in Iraq (Hansen, V. (2007). Why Study War?). It has been stated in many news articles that the current rate of U.S. casualties in Iraq would take 75 years to total the same amount of casualties that we experienced in 10 years of fighting in Vietnam. One American casually is too many, but war is an ugly beast, peo ple die. That is why it is so important that our politicians and public understand what war is really about. Military history is not a bunch of cookie-cutter answers to each and every problem facing a young military leader or our nation today. Germanys victory during World War I over Russia in under three years and their failure to take France in four years apparently misled Adolph Hitler into thinking that he could defeat the Soviets with little problem. After all, Germany defeated the historically tougher France in just six months (Thompson, F. (2007). Remember the Past.). The battle at Little Big Horn in Montana is studied to this day by military leaders. What could possibly be learned from a battle that took place over 130 years ago? The tactics and weapons are antiquated by todays standards. The Indian wars are the stuff of legends and a few B-grade movies, or are they? What exactly can we learn from Custers defeat? One thing for sure about Custer was that he was arrogant. Custer was a successful commander from his days in the Civil War up until his death on a hot and dusty hilltop in Montana in 1876. The defeat at Little Big Horn, as are most defeats in hindsight, was avoidable. Custer had the best Soldiers and the best equipment of the time period. The initial plan to force the Indians back to the reservations appeared to be sound if executed properly by the three large columns of Soldiers involved. Communication became a large factor for the participating commanders. Custer, Gibbon, and Crook all had key parts to play for the execution of the plan to work. Timing was a key in order to ensure everything went according to the initial plan. However, General Crooks column of about 1300 Soldiers was attacked at Rose Bud Creek by almost the same number of Sioux only nine days prior and 30 miles away from the sight of Custers defeat at Little Big Horn. General Crooks men were so badly mauled that they were forced to return to the South for supplies and to treat their wounded (Hardy, S. (2004). Custers Last Stand.). Crooks column was a key element in the hammer and anvil plan that was to be executed. Custer had no idea that Crook had been defeated by such a large number of Indians or that his column would not make the scheduled rendez vous time and location. After locating the main Indian encampment, Custer was told repeatedly by his scouts that the Indian camp was the largest that they had ever seen and there would be at least 1800 to 2000 warriors in the camp, probably more. Custer ignored this advice. Custer initially made a plan to bed down his command and attack at dawn the next morning. Not only thinking his men would be fresh for the fight but that Crooks column would be arriving at any time. Custers scouts reported that Indian scouts had seen the command and were reporting back to the Indian camp. Actually, the Indian scouts were leaving the camp to return to the reservation and they had not seen Custers command at all. Custers orders were to locate the Indian camp on the Little Big Horn River and not let them escape. With these orders, the lack of knowledge of Crooks situation and the then common knowledge that the Plains Indians would not stand and fight but disengage after a short fight, Custer decided to attack. The fact that Custer split his command into three separate battalions is a constant source of debate. This also was a standard practice when fighting the Plains Indians at that time. What lessons can we learn from Custers tragic defeat? Sound intelligence of the enemy situation is a must. Custer had solid, eyes-on intelligence from reliable sources but ignored it. The lack of communication was also a huge factor. Many leaders and historians believe that Custer would not have attacked the Indian village that day if he would have known of Crooks defeat and the number of Indians that attacked Crooks column. The Indian tactics had changed. Custer not only did not know this, he completely underestimated the Indians ability and will to fight as well as over estimating the ability of his own men. The chances are pretty good that Custers own arrogance very well may have overridden all of the hindsight knowledge that we now have. One of the main lessons to take from Custer is this; it is only a matter of time before an arrogant leader will fail. Arrogance and underestimating the enemy you face is a lesson that seems to be learned over and over again. In Tunisia during 1943 the American forces were inexperienced and poorly equipped, at least compared to the German forces that they faced. The Kasserine Pass is gap in the Grand Dorsal Mountain chain in central Tunisia. The German Afrika Korps were veteran Nazi forces commanded by the brilliant Erwin Rommel. Rommel was retreating from advancing allied (British) forces. Rommels counter attack was aimed directly at the inexperienced American forces and backed them into defensive position in the Dorsal Mountains (M. Haze, (2002). Battle of Kasserine Pass). The American equipment was of no match to the superior German tanks and firepower. The American tanks were riveted together. When hit, the tanks rivets broke loose and killed and wounded as many men as the German shell that hit the tank. The American tanks and thin armor and the tanks cannon could not be aimed as effectively as t he Germans or penetrate the German armor even if the Americans were lucky enough to hit a German tank. The battle at Kasserine Pass was a defeat for the green Americans. The Americans learned many valuable and expensive lessons from the Kasserine Pass debacle. Leadership and tactics were changed. Equipment was immediately updated. The Germans learned some lessons from Kasserine Pass also. For the rest of the war, the Nazi high command relied on reports sent from Rommels men regarding the Americans inferior equipment. They apparently never grasped the idea that the U.S. weapons constantly improved throughout the rest of the war. After the battle Rommel was contemptuous of both the U.S. equipment and fighting ability. He basically considered them a non-threat. Based on the knowledge gained at Kasserine Pass the Germans greatly underestimated the skill and resolve of the American Soldier. War is about killing, pain, and fear, and any attempt to disguise this or portray it otherwise is not only wrong but immoral. War is not only killing, pain and fear. It is the purposeful use of force to achieve political goals. Anyone who thinks that this statement is less than black and white has not spoken with the troops on the ground during one of our wars that was blessed by political approval. Many Americans today believe that anyone who studies war must approve of war as though anyone who drives a car must naturally approve of car wrecks. How much farther from the truth could these people be? There are many reasons to study military history in our schools and colleges. America is once again at war and this time there is really no end in sight. We are fighting for our basic way of life. The study of military history for our civilian wartime leadership is critical. Politicians start wars and politicians lose wars. Todays young people are tomorrows leaders, both in politics and the military. If for no other reason than we want to avoid war whenever possible, universities and public schools should at least offer the option of studying military history.

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies :: essays papers

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies The world is run with economic systems. Two of these economic systems are the market economy and the command economy. These economic systems both greatly differ and are similar in there ways of controling the factors of production, ownership, and their incentives for efficient production. An area of the world that has a command economy is India. The government controls and makes decisions with the factors of production. The factors of production are the resources used to produce goods and services, such as lonad, labor and capital. Within these socialist areas, there is no presence of motivation, a very important factor in an economy. This is because no matter what they do for their economy, everyboyd will recieve the same pay. For example, a doctor would get paid the same amount as a dishwasher.This creates unmotivation because there is nowhere to progress to. People don’t want to work hard for the same pay as someone who doesn’t. Also, since the government controls the factors of production, and not the individual consumers themselves, it is impossible for the few in power to know the many needs, and conditions of resource availability, within the whole economy. Therefore, many things of importance are not recognized, or over looked and the economy and people suffer from the loss. It is present in these areas of socialism that many of the people suffer from poverty because of this economic system. Hong Kong used to be a command economy. Hong Kong was very poor. This poor area quickly changed over the years into a very prosporous place. This is due to it’s change to the market economy. Hong Kong is also the freest of economies. The United states of america also has a market economy. In a market economy, or free enterprise economy, the individuals own the factors of productin, and make the decisions with them. This is unlike the command econly becaues their government controls the factors of production. The market economy is more effiecent because the individuals decide for themselves how to answer economic questions, looking out for their own personal best interest. This creates motivation, in which the command economy lacks. Entreprenurs also play a large roll in the economy. In Hong Kong, it is extremely easy to start your own business.

Othello and Racism Essay

In conjunction with Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, Othello is said to be one of the four great tragedies written by Shakespeare and consequently a mainstay of what is said by most critics to be the peak of Shakespeare’s theatrical talent. Othello is exceptional in the midst of Shakespeare’s grand catastrophes. Not like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, which are put up in opposition to a setting of political affairs and which resound with propositions of widespread individual apprehension, Othello is situated in a clandestine world and centers on the infatuations and private lives of its chief figures. Othello basically is the central character as well as the hero of the play under consideration. Being a Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is a well-expressed and actually controlling figure, who everyone around him respects a lot. In the face of his prominent status, he is all the same easy victim to insecurities due to his age, his existence as a soldier, and his race. Analysis The chief character of this play goes by the name of Othello, and he seems to be a person who has an unconventional and open personality, which is used by his ensign Iago to dispose of his love for his partner, Desdemona, into an authoritative and reproachful cupidity, which turns him into an assassin. Insensible of Iago’s manipulative and the lucent incorruptibility of his wife and lieutenant, Othello is sooner or later a victim of his own credulity and unyielding unawareness. But the most prominent theme is that whatever was faced by Othello was due to the fact that he did not belong to the Elizabethan civilization and was a â€Å"black moor†. As we know, Othello is presented as a Black Moor who is the furthermost General of the Army in Venice. He is intellectual, audacious, and praiseworthy. The wedding that takes place between him and the fine-looking Desdemona, who is the daughter of a well-known Venetian, aggravates racial affront in opposition to him. In the Elizabethan times, there was much racial discrimination against blacks and moors. But even though the vain hero of this play faced racial prejudice, he keeps on living with courteousness and sense of worth as he shows the way to an army in opposition to Turks on Cyprus. His perseverance to sense of duty is obscured only by his commitment to Desdemona, who makes her way to Cyprus with him. The love Othello has for his wife is so deep and passionate that he cannot bear even the contemplation of a different man even looking at her. And in that lies his weak point, which is resentment. Othello’s consideration to the theme turns out to be apparent when Iago makes use of it as confirmation that Desdemona could never be truthful to a person who does not even belong to their society and is a person who is so â€Å"unnatural†. The self-assurance felt by Othello that was once so strong is with ease tattered by Iago’s propensity to persuade him that he is second-rate in comparison to the men of Venice. The vain hero of the drama Othello is a Moor who prevails the compassion of Desdemona with his vigorous tales of encounter and escapade, adding to the disappointment of her father and the Venetian court of which they are a component. Othello is happily married with his wife. After certain happenings take place, the stratagem takes place rather speedily when Iago, a subsidiary of Othello, sets his mind for taking revenge after he does not get the promotion that he really wanted. He figures out plans to set Othello against his own wife. What takes place after this is a succession of maneuverings in which Iago gradually persuades Othello of Desdemona’s faithlessness and that she has something going on with Cassio, the lieutenant who gets raised to the position that was sought after by Iago. The basic point here is that Othello was used by Iago in a way this his own race was used against him. Othello was made to realize that his chances of being loved by Desdemona were low for the fact that he did not even belong to their civilization. Readily in Othello, the central character, Othello, can be made out as an archetypal tragic hero who is conflicted by the brawny force of his instinctive gullibility and over-trust as defects in his otherwise honorable character. All the way through the speedy expansion of the play, we see Othello’s character fall to pieces as a consequence of his increasing resentment and are at last incapacitated by a commanding catharsis where in spite of his bad behavior; the person who reads feels compassion for Othello and his calamity. In this catastrophe of character, the prevalent bereavement and dread can be undoubtedly accredited to the foreseeable fault in the personality of Othello, the heartrending hero. Straight away the wicked character of Iago is set up and discovers the hero’s disastrous flaw; eventually that of simplicity. He hath a person and a smooth dispose, to be suspected, framed to make women false. The Moor is of a free and open nature, that thinks men honest, but that seem to be so, and will as tenderly be led by th’ nose, As asses are†. (Shakespeare, lines 440-445). Even though no time is wasted by Shakespeare in converting the honorable central character almost unbelievably into a thoughtless and cruel murdered of his wife who does not have any faith what so ever in her, one must bear in mind the fact that he is up in opposition to, moderately convincingly, the most resourceful archvillian in literature. Being the malevolent, but shrewd human being that he is, Iago does every single thing that he can think of so as to intensify the effects of the hero’s heartbreaking flaw and make such attempts that it would work against him. The most manipulative characteristic of Iago’s stratagem are persistently seen all the way through the play, when he delicately makes his own image better than all others while harming the other people’s image. The expansion of Othello is basically focused in the order of the mounting covetousness of the adversary as the medium with which his disastrous imperfection gets hold of his breakdown. As a consequence of Othello’s unquestioning personality, Iago’s monstrous thoughts are permissible to break through into his more often than not unsuspicious mind and in that distort his judgment and actions all the way through the course of the play. As an outcome of the wholesomeness and certainty in the love amid Othello and Desdemona, Othello is incapacitated with heartache when it is recommended that Desdemona has been disloyal to him. At first he does not wish to believe it, but handing over deceitful Iago to the charge of discovering the truth without doubt buries him deeper in dishonesty. Poor Desdemona is killed over a crime she had never even thought of. But here the play shows that Othello’s mind has been taken over completely by Iago’s conniving nature. Eventually when Othello realizes his mistake, he commits suicide, saying, â€Å"I kissed thee ere I killed thee, no way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss† (Shakespeare, line 420-421). Perhaps it would not have been easy for Iago’s scheme to work had there not been the elementary setting of ethnic discrimination in Elizabethan civilization, a prejudice that was felt and sensed by both Desdemona and Othello. Shakespeare’s Desdemona puts up with intolerance by disproving it right of entry to her own life. Her relationship that is shared between her and Othello is that of love, and she is intentionally faithful to that relationship. On the other hand, Othello does not have any knowledge what so ever about how intensely chauvinism has broke in into his own character. This immersed bigotry weakens him with opinions similar to thoughts like he is not good-looking and does not deserve Desdemona. He starts believing that Desdemona does not really love him and even if she does then there has to be something erroneous with her. These feelings, reddened by Iago’s intimations and fabrications, put off Othello from conferring his apprehension and qualms honestly with Desdemona, and in this regard he acts on alarmed supposition. So as to live on the collective ambush of internalized chauvinism and the aimed at malice of Iago, Othello would require to be close to faultless in potency and self-knowledge, and this just is not a reasonable requirement. Racial Discrimination in Othello The basic issue that has been presented in the play is that of prejudice and racial discrimination. Every single human being at some point in his or her life goes through a feeling of complete alienation. This can come up in the form of a new child at school, or those who form a part of a cultural or religious marginal, or as someone who clutches an ostracized estimation. In order go make this problem known to the general public, Shakespeare has made his hero out to be an outsider, a person who does not fairly fit in, in the culture in which he lives nor is he of their ethnic background. Since the very beginning of the play, when the hero is detained in suspicion by a gentleman who impeaches him of seducing his daughter with incomprehensible charms, Othello has been made apart from all of the other characters of the play who belong to the same cultural background. Considering that he has been made out as a person who belongs to an exclusively dissimilar country, much of the discrepancy he puts up with is because of the scheming conviction that he does not fit in with this civilization. In the Elizabethan times, as can clearly be seen from Othello, race was a subject of great dispute and argument. Even in the current times, the dispute keeps hold of its disagreement and enthusiasm. On the other hand, approaches towards ethnicity have taken a spectacular turn at some point in the last century (Racism and Othello). In the current times, people have come to live in a gradually more multi-ethnic society, who would unquestionably be more open-minded and would refuse or even be affronted by racial unfairness to any individual or segments of the society. People have cleanly been labeled as â€Å"racists† in the current times and have also been started to be considered as outcasts. This puts up the questions of what type of meaning Shakespeare wanted to convey to his spectators and was Othello the moor represented as a disastrous hero or did his personality sooner or later come to bear a resemblance to the discrimination of which he was a sufferer. Shakespeare also talks about the question of race with additional characters for instance the detestable Iago and the discrimination concealed deep in Brabantio (Racism and Sexism in Othello, p. , Othello – A Racist Play? , p. 1). The proceedings of Brabantio commence the awareness in the race subject in Act 1 Scene 1 far more than Iago’s tainted abuses for the reason that the kind of concealed racism is in point of fact present in contemporary society. Brabantio criticizes of his daughter even thinking of getting married to Roderigo considering that Roderigo did not have a very good reputation in society but subsequent to listening to Iago inform him that his daughter is going out with a moor he wishes that Roderigo would have married Desdemona. Therefore Brabantio recommends that he would rather have his daughter married to a man who has a bad reputation in the entire society and believes that he is better than a moor who is an appreciated noble and gentleman in the army. As Brabantio believes the only problem that lies with Othello is that he is black and does not belong to their society (Twyman, p. 1). There is a little proof that Shakespeare was using Othello to endorse ethnically discriminatory views as suggested by certain critics. Shakespeare has presented Othello to be a dignified person and a Christian. As an alternative, Iago is represented as the most iniquity bad character and also the terrible racist. Iago considers Othello’ lips as â€Å"thick-lips† (Shakespeare, p. 66) and calls him as â€Å"an old black ram† (Shakespeare, lines 88-89). Even though there might be a few reasons behind the deceitful actions taken by Iago. Even though he does undergo suspicion about whom his wife would be going out with behind his back and he dislikes Othello because of the promotion he gained which was desired by Iago, but from all of his speeches, the thing which is most obvious is the fact that he dislikes Othello because of the color of his skin. By putting forward to us the scoundrel of the play to have such deep-seated bigotry; Shakespeare is disapproving all of the people who attack others purely because of the color of their skin or their ethnic group or religion. A contemporary spectator would consequently perceive that in their visualization, correctly, Shakespeare has made an attempt to send out an anti-racist point (The Racism in Othello, p. 1). Considering the fact that there was no real reason for Iago to hate Othello, he starts inventing novel reasons to disgust Othello. He comes up with the idea in his own brain that his wife is cheating on him with Othello. Even as this is perceptibly fallacious, it makes it easier for Iago to have a reason to loathe Othello for reasons other than his skin. His annoyance is fairly understandable when he comes out with the declaration â€Å"hell and night / must bring this monstrous birth to the world’s light† (Shakespeare, lines 397-98). This outburst does not only demonstrate Iago’s disdain for Othello, it obviously illustrates the satirical switching of issues to the matter of color once again (Racism in Othello, p. 1). Conclusion In the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that Othello is a play written by Shakespeare in which we see how a man full of courage and bravery is tricked upon by the villain of the play. Racial discrimination is a theme that is very prevalent in the play and tells us of how outsiders in the Elizabethan times were treated.